Pozzolanic Silica Alumina (PSA)

• Acts as a natural substitute for Fly Ash (cementitious material) GGBFS and silica fume
• Reduces need for Portland cement and river sand. PSA is a natural binder and not a toxic compaction filler
• Reduces CO2 footprint of concrete and increase MPA and thus the life of structures
• Reduces CAPEX/OPEX in building and remediating offshore wind, marine and civil construction
• Contributes to structural integrity and longevity of the built environment

• Romans at Pozzuoli first used volcanic ash (PSA) in the shadow of Vesuvius, 2,000 years ago. UPSA PSA is a molecular “match.”
• Using PSA in high strength concrete reduces C02 emissions by 40% and cost by 30%*.
• Using PSA eliminates use of Fly Ash, and reduces Portland cement and River Sand, cutting weight per metric ton by 16%.
• PSA is the ‘best in class’ solution for marine applications; discussions are underway with strategic partners in the USA to support vital marine.
• Build back better infrastructure projects with selected partners.

• Infrastructure: Roads, bridges, dams, ports, runways, levees, land- sea reclamation, and others
• Construction: Commercial, military, and offshore wind farms
• Agriculture: Post excavation use of waste for agriculture nutrients (natural fertilizer) and in situ “garden-state” remediation
• Other: Bricks, blocks, panels, ceramics, and super-strong “marble” flooring

When sea water seeps into the concrete in structures like piers and breakwaters, it dissolves volcanic ash components. This process allows new minerals, including Al-tobermorite and phillipsite, to form from the alkaline fluids. Al-tobermorite, with silica-rich compositions similar to crystals in volcanic rocks, shapes into plate-like structures. These new growths of interlocking mineral plates reinforce the concrete, making it more resistant to breaking (Jackson & Gabrielsen, 2017).

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